Description | The Immortalized Adult Mouse Dorsolateral Prostate Cells (INK4 -/- DLP) were derived from a subline of the INK4a mouse, a transgenic knockout that lacks p16INK4a and p19ARF. Both p16INK4a and p19ARF are specific inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk4 and Cdk6 that regulate cell cycle progression. The cells were isolated from the dorsolateral prostate (DLP), which has simple cuboidal epithelium that is somewhat folded. The luminal secretory cells in the epithelium secrete a homogenous eosinophilic substance into the lumen of the DLP. This cell line is a useful model for studying the prostate stroma-epithelium signalling way, which plays an important role in prostate development and cancer progression. |
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SKU | T0655 |
Species | Mouse (M. musculus) |
Tissue/Organ/Organ System | Prostate |
Growth Properties | Adherent |
Cell Morphology | Fibroblast-like |
Immortalization Method | Isolated from p16INK4a and p19ARF Knockout Transgenic Mice |
Applications | For Research Use Only |
Unit quantity | 1x106 cells / 1.0 ml |
Cell Type | Immortalized Cells |
Propagation Requirements | Use of PriCoatTM T25 Flasks (G299) or Applied Cell Extracellular Matrix (G422) is required for cell adhesion to the culture vessels. Grow cells in ECM-coated culture vessels unless otherwise specified in the Propagation Requirements below. The base medium for this cell line is Prigrow IV medium available at abm, Cat. No. TM004. To make the complete growth medium, add the following components to the base medium: fetal bovine serum (TM999)* to a final concentration of 10%, Penicillin/Streptomycin Solution (G255) to a final concentration of 1%, gentamicin to a final concentration of 50 µg/ml, ITS to a final concentration of 1%, L-glutamine (G275) to a final concentration of 2 mM, and DHT to a final concentration of 10-8 M.Change media every 2-3 days.Carbon dioxide (CO2): 5%, Temperature: 37.0°C.* Do not use heat-inactivated FBS for cell culture unless specified otherwise. |
Disclaimer | 1. For for-profit organizations and corporations, please contact [email protected] for pricing of this item. 2. Sale of this item is subjected to the completion of a Material Transfer Agreement (MTA) by the purchasing individual/institution for each order. If you have any questions regarding this, please contact us at [email protected]. 3. All test parameters provided in the CoA are conducted using abm"s standardized culture system and procedures. The stated values may vary under the end-user"s culture conditions. Please verify that the product is suitable for your studies by referencing published papers or ordering RNA (0.5 μg, Cat.# C207, $450.00) or cell lysate (100 μg, Cat.# C206, $600.00) to perform preliminary experiments, or alternatively use our Gene Expression Assay Service (Cat# C138). All sales are final. 4. We recommend live cell shipments for ease of cell transfer and this option can be requested at the time of ordering. Please note that the end-user will need to evaluate the feasibility of live cell shipment by taking into account the final destination"s temperature variation and its geographical location. In addition, we thoroughly test our cell lines for freeze-thaw recovery. If frozen cells were received and not recovered in your lab under the exact, specified conditions (using recommended culture vessel, media, additional supplements, and atmospheric conditions), a live cell replacement is possible at a cost (plus shipping). 5. All of abm"s cell biology products are for research use ONLY and NOT for therapeutic/diagnostic applications. abm is not liable for any repercussions arising from the use of its cell biology product(s) in therapeutic/diagnostic application(s). Please contact a technical service representative for more information. 6. abm makes no warranties or representations as to the accuracy of the information on this site. Citations from literature and provided for informational purposes only. abm does not warrant that such information has been shown to be accurate. 7. abm warrants that cell lines shall be viable upon initiation of culture for a period of thirty (30) days after shipment and that they shall meet the specifications on the applicable abm Material Product Information sheet, certificate of analysis, and/or catalog description. Such thirty (30) day period is referred to herein as the "Warranty Period." |
Depositor | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation |
- Important Considerations for Immortalized Cells
- Immortalized Cell Handling Instructions Upon Arrival
- Subculturing Protocol
- Freezing Protocol
- Hepatocyte Instructions
- Thawing Protocol
- Immortalized Cell Line Flyer
- abm Cell Line Catalog
- Immortalized Cell Lines Flyer
- Immortalized Cells FAQ
I want to make sure these cells express my gene of interest before I decide to buy the cell line. Can you provide a sample so this can be tested? | |
We do not carry out downstream characterization or gene expression profiling of our cell lines. To facilitate your preliminary experiments we can provide an RNA extraction (0.5ug total RNA) or cell lysate (100ug/100ul provided in 62.5mM Tris‐HCl, 2% SDS, 10% Glycerol, 50mM DTT, 0.01% w/v Bromophenol Blue) for any of our immortalized cell lines for a small fee. Please inquire directly for more information. The lead time will be around 2 weeks from the time of placing an order (if the item is in stock). |
How often do I need to change the media? | |
The media should be changed every 2-3 days. |
Why do these cells need bio safety level II? | |
In order to be more cautious, we follow the CDC-NIH recommendations that all mammalian sourced products should be handled at the Biological Safety Level 2 to minimize exposure of potentially infectious products. This information can be found in "Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories" (1999). Your institution"s Safety Officer or Technical Services will be able to make the call as to whether BioSafety Level I is possible with these cells at your site if required. |
Do you sell ECM coated T75 flasks? | |
Yes we can provide a coating service. Please inquire with [email protected] |
Is it necessary that we have to use the recommended T25 ECM-coated flasks for growing the cells? Can we use normal ECM coated 60mm/90mm petri plates for growing the cells? | |
We strongly recommend using G299 T25 flasks to ensure recovery of these cells before testing other plates. |
What can I coat a larger dish to subculture? | |
We also offer applied extracellular matrix (collagen type I) in liquid form, for the coating of larger flasks and other required plasticware: http://www.abmgood.com/Applied-Cell-Extracellular-Matrix-G422.html |
How long can I store frozen vials for? | |
Cells that are properly frozen using an effective cryoprotective agent can be stored in liquid nitrogen indefinitely without affecting their recovery. |
When are cells plated for live cell shipments? | |
1 day prior to shipping |
Should the cap of the flask be changed before starting the cell culturing step? | |
No, there is no need in sterile biosafety cabinets unless it has contacted any non-sterile condition (e.g. touching the contaminated tip, etc.). |
What is the recommended storage temperature? | |
In general, if you received:Live cells: acclimatize for 3-4 hrs at at the recommended conditions stated for the cell line under the propagation section, and then change media afterwards.Frozen cells: Immediately place cells in liquid nitrogen; -180C. |
How is cell density crucial for drug selection? | |
If antibiotic selection is applicable to the target cells, we suggest getting rid of all the background cells so that the cell density is kept lower (even 20-30%). However, once the clones are selected by clonal dilution, we don"t need the drug to still be present. If needed, the cell density should be towards the higher end since cells are already selected. Any primary cells still present will be depleted as a result of senescence and the cell population that remains will be resistant to the specific antibiotic. |
My cells are not detaching, what method do you recommend to trypsinize the cells? | |
1. Incubate the coated plate containing trypsin solution at recommended temperature indicated in the propagation section for 3-5 min till the cells round up, monitoring from time to time under microscope.2. Diluting G422 (1:1) with PBS and coating for lesser time. Sometimes the collagen content in G422 is higher and thus make stronger bonding with cells.3. You can try reducing the incubation time as well for coating the plate to make a thinner layer. |
Why is it important to determine the optimal seeding density? | |
The seeding density we recommend is for when cells are plated to a new vessel. The optimal seeding density should allow cells to attach to the surface and have room to proliferate.If you seed too little, cells may not attach well to the surface (for adherent cells). Seeding density is important as many cells (adherent or suspension cells) need to be in close proximity for better growth. Cell-cell interactions allow cells to communicate with each other in response to changes in their microenvironment. This ability to send and receive signals is essential for the survival of the cell. In other cases, if the seeding density is too low, cells may attach but a retardation in cell growth is observed.If you seed too high, the cells will attach but there is insufficient room for further proliferation and they will stop replicating. |
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高保真生物技术有限公司~实验整体外包服务商~
要检测一个基因的表达产物是否正确,或者比较表达产物量的相对变化,首选方法是Western Blot。因为WesternBlot操作相对简单方便,既可以定性分析表达产物,同时还可以指示目的蛋白量的相对变化。虽然,顺利的时候WesternBlot做起来很简单,可不顺的时候也很令人心烦――做不出结果啦、假阳性啦、结果出现多条带啦、到底是一抗有问题还是二抗有问题啦……毕竟,作为一种有活性的生物大分子,抗体和抗原的反应毕竟不象1+1那么明确,而用这种不确定的试剂来测定同样知之甚少的表达产物,确实是有一定的不确定性的。所以,严谨的WesternBlot实验设计中要求有良好的参照体系,对实验结果分析是非常有用。特别是当实验出现问题时,借助参照体系很容易就可以查出问题所在,而不必抓耳挠腮怨天尤人。良好的参照体系通常包括分子量Marker(用来确定蛋白条带对应的分子量大小),空白载体对照(如果是诱导表达体系还应该有诱导前的对照),已知量标准产物的正对照;另外还有内参。可是由于经费限制或者偷懒的原因,国内的不少人做Western Blot往往省略参照,导致结果出现问题时无法分析结果――即便有结果也可能影响结果的分析。
内参是最容易被忽略的一项。我们知道,要用Western Blot比较不同条件下或者不同组织中,目的蛋白表达量的相对多少,前提条件是等量的细胞上样,才有比较的基础。特别表达量不高时,上样量的差别就很可能影响结果的分析。所以你需要内参。
内参即是内部参照(InternalControl),对于哺乳动物细胞表达来说一般是指由管家基因编码表达的蛋白(HousekeepingProteins),它们在各组织和细胞中的表达相对恒定,在检测蛋白的表达水平变化时常用它来做参照物。在Western Blotting 实验中,除了需要进行蛋白抽提、蛋白定量、等量蛋白上样电泳、转膜、靶蛋白抗体孵育、显色等步骤以外,还需要进行内参的检测,以校正蛋白质定量、上样过程中存在的实验误差,保证实验结果的准确性。
在国外发表的文章中,Western Blotting实验结果须进行内参校正已成为一种惯例。但是,国内仍有不少科研人员在WesternBlotting实验中忽略了内参的使用,将蛋白浓度测定作为规范需相互比较的各种样品间上样量等同的唯一方法。然而各种蛋白质浓度定量方法,都存在局限性,不能完全准确的确定各种样品的准确蛋白浓度。如UV法直接定量,适合测试较纯净、成分相对单一的蛋白质,相对于比色法来说,操作简单,但是容易受到平行物质的干扰,如DNA的干扰;且敏感度低,要求蛋白的浓度较高。比色法测定蛋白浓度一般有BCA,Bradford,Lowry等几种方法。BCA法与Lowry法都容易受到蛋白质之间以及去污剂的干扰。Bradford 法敏感度最高,且与一系列干扰Lowry,BCA反应的还原剂(如DTT,巯基乙醇)相容。但是对于去污剂依然是敏感的,其最主要的缺点是不同的标准品会导致同一样品的结果差异较大,无可比性。另外,蛋白质定量以后进行电泳时需要等量上样,此步骤也存在操作误差。在Western blotting实验时使用内参,即可简便地对定量和上样步骤产生的误差进行校正。
在WesternBlotting中使用内参其实就是在WB过程中的另外用内参对应的抗体检测内参,这样在检测目的产物的同时可以检测内参的表达,由于内参在各组织和细胞中的表达相对恒定,借助检测每个样品内参的量就可以用于校正上样误差,这样半定量的结果才更为可信。此外使用内参可以作为空白对照,检测蛋白转膜情况是否完全、整个Western Blot显色或者发光体系是否正常。
实验结果分析其实很简单:如果样品蛋白量有限,只够进行一次电泳转膜实验时,分别检测样品的内参量和目的蛋白量。将各样品目的蛋白量分别除以其内参含量,得到的数值即为内参校正后的各样品中目的蛋白相对含量,再用此数值进行样品间的比较和分析,得到目的蛋白含量在不同样品间的实际变化结果。如果样品量充分,可以先检测内参,观测样品间内参显色条带是否一致,根据差异大小调整各样品的上样量重新进行Western Blotting实验,至内参量一致为止;若内参一致,即可进行不同样品间目的蛋白表达变化分析。这样虽然麻烦一点,但是可以保证结果更有说服力,更可信。毕竟我们的实验是一种严谨的工作。
附:在Western Blotting实验过程中使用内参的方法有:
一、 超级简便的标记内参使用法:只要在二抗孵育时加入HRP标记内参抗体,按照正常操作即可。
二、普通内参:当目的蛋白的分子量大小与选用的内参蛋白分子量相差不大时,可以先进行目的蛋白的抗体温育显色和检测。然后使用Strip缓冲液洗掉膜上的抗体,重新进行内参蛋白的抗体温育、显色检测。
三、当目的蛋白的分子量大小与选用的内参蛋白分子量大小相差比较明显情况下,可以在转膜后预染,根据蛋白质Marker的大小将膜剪为大分子量和小分子量两部分,使内参蛋白与目的蛋白分开。然后两块膜分别与内参蛋白抗体以及目的蛋白抗体进行温育,二抗温育以及显色。
【摘自网络】展开
β-Actin作为内参是得到了公认的,这是针对大多数组织和细胞来说的,它广泛分布于细胞浆内,表达量非常丰富。Beta-actin由375个氨基酸组成,分子量大小为42-43kDa左右。
β-actin的蛋白水平通常不会发生改变,因此被广泛用于Western时上样量是否一致的参照,也常被用于免疫染色观察细胞的微丝结构。在用作Western的参照时,Actin抗体和Tubulin抗体的主要不同之处在于两者所识别蛋白的分子量不同,这样可以选择合适的参照在同一块胶同一张膜上实现同时检测目标蛋白和参照蛋白。向左转|向右转
【GAPDH】或G3PDH是甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶( glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase )的英文缩写。GAPDH是参与糖酵解的一种关键酶,由4个30-40kDa的亚基组成,分子量146kDa,检测条带大约在36kDa。GAPDH基因几乎在所有组织中都高水平表达,且GAPDH 作为管家基因在同种细胞或者组织中的蛋白质表达量一般是恒定的。
【Western Blot】蛋白质印迹法(免疫印迹试验)。它是分子生物学、生物化学和免疫遗传学中常用的一种实验方法。其基本原理是通过特异性抗体对凝胶电泳处理过的细胞或生物组织样品进行着色。通过分析着色的位置和着色深度获得特定蛋白质在所分析的细胞或组织中表达情况的信息。
一.样本种属来源:
首先要考虑的就是实验样本来源于什么物种。
1、哺乳动物的组织或者细胞样本,通常选择β-actin、β-tubulin、GAPDH、Lamin B、Histone H3、Na,K atpase等。
2、植物来源实验样本,则可以选择plantactin、Rubisco等。
3、其他来源样本研究较少,所以就应该参照文献报导,选择合适的蛋白作为内参。
二.目的蛋白分子量:
选择内参抗体时,应该考虑目的蛋白分子量的大小。通常应该保证目的蛋白与内参蛋白分子量相差5KD以上。比如目的蛋白分子量为45KD,此时不适宜选择β-actin作为内参,可以考虑选择GAPDH或者β-tubulin作为内参。
三.目的蛋白表达部位:
就一般的蛋白检测来说,β-actin、β-Tubulin抗体等就可以了,而针对于核蛋白的定量,特别是样本蛋白就是核蛋白时,选择恰当的核蛋白内参则更能体现内部参照的价值。常用的核内参抗体有Lamin A、Lamin B、Histone H3,除此之外,其它常见的核蛋白内参还有PCNA、K70、K80等,在一些文献报道中,Erk2、TATA binding protein(TBP)以及c-Jun、c-Fos等都有使用。而对于膜蛋白检测,常用的内参抗体为Na,K ATPase。对于线粒体蛋白的检测,常用VDAC1和COX IV作为内参抗体。
以上几条原则只是针对通常情况,但是需要注意的问题是——内参的选择需要考虑实际的试验环境,比如某些细胞中,由于组织缺氧、糖尿病等因素会导致GAPDH的表达增高,不适合做内参。比如在涉及细胞增殖相关试验中,c-Jun由于自身表达变化就不适合做内参;而在凋亡实验时,TBP、Lamin等也不适合作为内参。因此设计实验方案的时候应该考虑这些因素并查询相应文献,在实验过程中也应该注意如果内参表达出现异常,应考虑这方面因素。
GAPDH
万能内参
主要看你的目标蛋白的分子量多大,“目标蛋白要与内参蛋白的分子量差异大!”
方便检测
核蛋白,有很多种,分子量不同
膜蛋白,有很多很多种,分子量不同
浆蛋白,有成千上万种,分子量不同。
具体实验,具体目的蛋白,具体的内参。
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